Health Encyclopedia

Health Conditions A-Z

505+ health conditions with symptoms, causes, medicines, and expert guidance

505 conditions found

A

Acidity & Gastric Issues

Excess acid production in the stomach causing discomfort, heartburn, and indigestion. Lifestyle changes and medication provide effective relief.

Asthma

A chronic respiratory condition causing inflammation and narrowing of airways. Proper medication and avoiding triggers help manage symptoms effectively.

Anxiety

A condition characterized by excessive worry, nervousness, or fear that can interfere with daily activities. Treatment includes therapy and medication.

Arthritis

Inflammation of joints causing pain, stiffness, and reduced movement. Management includes medication, exercise, and lifestyle adjustments.

Acne

A skin condition causing pimples, blackheads, and cysts, commonly on the face. Proper skincare routine and medication help control breakouts.

Allergies

Immune system reactions to substances like pollen, dust, or food. Managing triggers and using antihistamines help control symptoms.

Anemia

A condition where blood lacks enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen. Iron supplements and dietary changes are key to management.

Appendicitis

Inflammation of the appendix causing severe abdominal pain requiring emergency surgical removal. Delay in treatment can lead to serious complications.

Arrhythmia (Irregular Heartbeat)

Abnormal heart rhythm where the heart beats too fast, too slow, or irregularly. Some are harmless while others need treatment.

Angina (Chest Pain)

Chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart, a symptom of coronary artery disease. Requires medical management to prevent heart attacks.

Atherosclerosis

Buildup of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in and on artery walls, restricting blood flow. A major cause of heart attacks and strokes.

ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)

A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Affects both children and adults. Manageable with treatment.

Alzheimer's Disease

A progressive brain disorder that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills. The most common cause of dementia. No cure, but treatments can help.

Ankylosing Spondylitis

A type of arthritis primarily affecting the spine, causing inflammation and eventually fusing spinal vertebrae. More common in young men.

Addison's Disease

A rare disorder where the adrenal glands don't produce enough hormones. Can be life-threatening if untreated. Requires lifelong hormone replacement.

Adenoiditis

Inflammation of the adenoids, lymph tissue behind the nose. Common in children. Can cause breathing difficulties and recurrent ear infections.

Alcoholic Liver Disease

Liver damage from years of excessive drinking, ranging from fatty liver to cirrhosis. Stopping alcohol can prevent further damage.

Altitude Sickness

Illness caused by rapid ascent to high altitudes where oxygen levels are lower. Common in Himalayan treks. Can be life-threatening if severe.

Acute Appendicitis

Inflammation of the appendix causing severe abdominal pain. Usually requires emergency surgical removal. Most common surgical emergency worldwide.

Anal Fissure

A small tear in the lining of the anus causing pain and bleeding during bowel movements. Common and usually heals on its own with proper care.

Athlete's Foot

A fungal infection of the skin on the feet, especially between the toes. Causes itching, burning, and peeling. Thrives in warm, moist environments.

Amoebic Dysentery

An intestinal infection caused by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica, spread through contaminated food/water. Common in tropical countries.

Alopecia Areata

An autoimmune condition causing patchy hair loss on the scalp and body. Hair may regrow on its own or with treatment.

Anal Fistula

An abnormal tunnel between the anal canal and outer skin near the anus. Usually forms after an anal abscess. Often requires surgery.

Autism Spectrum Disorder

A developmental condition affecting communication and behavior. Spectrum ranges from mild to severe. Early intervention improves outcomes significantly.

Acromegaly

A hormonal disorder from excess growth hormone in adults, causing enlarged bones. Usually caused by a pituitary tumor.

Adrenal Insufficiency

When adrenal glands don't produce enough hormones. Can be primary (Addison's) or secondary. Requires lifelong hormone replacement.

Astigmatism

A common vision condition caused by irregular curvature of the cornea or lens. Causes blurred or distorted vision at all distances.

Amyloidosis

A rare disease where abnormal protein (amyloid) builds up in organs. Can affect heart, kidneys, liver, and nervous system.

Aortic Aneurysm

A bulge in the aorta, the body's main artery. Can be life-threatening if it ruptures. Often found incidentally on imaging.

Aplastic Anemia

A rare condition where the bone marrow doesn't make enough new blood cells. Can develop at any age and can be life-threatening.

Achalasia

A rare disorder of the esophagus where the lower esophageal sphincter fails to relax, making swallowing difficult.

Ascites

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity. Most commonly caused by liver cirrhosis. Requires treatment of underlying cause.

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

An enlarged area in the lower part of the aorta. If it ruptures, it causes life-threatening internal bleeding. Screening recommended for at-risk groups.

Antiphospholipid Syndrome

An autoimmune disorder causing blood clots and pregnancy complications. The body produces antibodies against certain blood proteins.

Avascular Necrosis

Death of bone tissue due to lack of blood supply. Most commonly affects the hip joint. Can lead to joint collapse if untreated.

Achilles Tendinitis

Overuse injury of the Achilles tendon, the band of tissue connecting calf muscles to the heel bone. Common in runners.

Aphthous Ulcers (Canker Sores)

Small, painful ulcers inside the mouth. Not contagious. Usually heal within 1-2 weeks. Can be triggered by stress, foods, or nutritional deficiencies.

Angular Cheilitis

Cracking, redness, and soreness at the corners of the mouth. Can be caused by fungal infections, nutritional deficiencies, or drooling.

Anaphylaxis

A severe, life-threatening allergic reaction that can occur within seconds or minutes of exposure. Requires immediate epinephrine injection.

B

Back Pain

Discomfort in the back region that can result from poor posture, muscle strain, or spinal conditions. Treatment ranges from medication to physiotherapy.

Bronchitis

Inflammation of the bronchial tubes leading to persistent cough and mucus. Acute bronchitis usually resolves with rest, while chronic forms need ongoing care.

Body Pain & Muscle Aches

Generalized pain throughout the body often associated with infections, overexertion, or chronic conditions. Rest, medication, and stretching provide relief.

Bed Sores (Pressure Ulcers)

Skin injuries from prolonged pressure, common in bedridden patients. Regular repositioning and proper wound care prevent and treat them.

Breast Cancer

Cancer that forms in the cells of the breast. Early detection through self-exams and mammography greatly improves treatment outcomes.

Breast Pain (Mastalgia)

Pain or tenderness in the breast, common in women. Usually cyclical (related to periods) and not a sign of cancer. Rarely needs treatment.

Bipolar Disorder

A mental health condition causing extreme mood swings including emotional highs (mania) and lows (depression). Manageable with medication and therapy.

Boils (Furuncles)

Painful, pus-filled lumps under the skin caused by bacterial infection of hair follicles. Usually resolve with warm compresses but may need drainage.

Bell's Palsy

Sudden weakness or paralysis of facial muscles on one side of the face. Usually temporary. Most people recover fully within weeks to months.

Blood Clots (Thrombosis)

Formation of clots in blood vessels that can block blood flow. Can be life-threatening in lungs (PE) or brain (stroke). Risk factors include immobility and surgery.

BPH (Enlarged Prostate)

Non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland common in older men. Causes urinary problems. Treatable with medication or surgery.

Bursitis

Inflammation of the small fluid-filled sacs (bursae) that cushion bones, tendons, and muscles near joints. Common in shoulder, elbow, and hip.

BPPV (Benign Positional Vertigo)

The most common cause of vertigo — brief, intense dizziness triggered by changes in head position. Treatable with simple head maneuvers.

Bile Duct Stones

Gallstones that have moved from the gallbladder into the bile duct. Can cause jaundice, pain, and infection. May require endoscopic removal.

Barrett's Esophagus

A condition where the esophagus lining changes due to chronic acid reflux. Increases risk of esophageal cancer. Requires monitoring.

Bronchiectasis

Permanent widening of the airways (bronchi) causing mucus buildup and frequent infections. Common after repeated lung infections.

Bladder Cancer

Cancer that begins in the bladder lining. Most common symptom is blood in urine. Smoking is a major risk factor. Highly treatable when found early.

Brain Tumor

Abnormal cell growth in the brain. Can be benign or malignant. Symptoms depend on tumor location, size, and growth rate.

Brucellosis

A bacterial infection transmitted from animals to humans through unpasteurized dairy or direct contact. Causes undulating fever.

Balanitis

Inflammation of the head of the penis. Usually caused by infections, poor hygiene, or skin conditions. Common in uncircumcised males.

Blepharitis

Inflammation of the eyelid margins causing irritation, redness, and flaking. Common and chronic but manageable with proper eyelid hygiene.

Bunion (Hallux Valgus)

A bony bump at the base of the big toe. Develops when the big toe pushes against the next toe. Can be painful and affect walking.

Bruxism (Teeth Grinding)

Involuntary grinding, clenching, or gnashing of teeth, often during sleep. Can cause jaw pain, headaches, and tooth damage.

Behçet's Disease

A rare disorder causing blood vessel inflammation throughout the body. Characterised by mouth sores, eye inflammation, and genital sores.

Breastfeeding Problems

Common challenges during breastfeeding including low milk supply, engorgement, mastitis, and latching difficulties.

C

Common Cold

A viral infection affecting the upper respiratory tract. Usually resolves on its own but symptoms can be managed with appropriate medication and rest.

Constipation

Difficulty passing stools or infrequent bowel movements. Often managed through diet, hydration, and appropriate medication when needed.

Cough

A reflex to clear the airways that can be caused by infections, allergies, or irritants. Treatment depends on the underlying cause.

Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye)

Inflammation of the eye's outer membrane causing redness and discharge. Highly contagious but usually clears with proper eye drops and hygiene.

Cataracts

Clouding of the eye's natural lens causing blurry vision, common in older adults. Surgery is the definitive treatment when vision is significantly affected.

Chest Pain

Discomfort in the chest that can stem from heart, lung, muscle, or digestive causes. Sudden or severe chest pain requires immediate medical evaluation.

Cervical Spondylosis

Age-related wear of spinal discs in the neck causing stiffness and pain. Physiotherapy and pain management help maintain mobility.

Chikungunya

A viral disease spread by mosquitoes causing fever and severe joint pain that can persist for weeks. Supportive care and pain management are the main treatments.

COVID-19

A respiratory illness caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus with symptoms ranging from mild to severe. Vaccination and early treatment reduce severity.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Compression of a nerve in the wrist causing numbness and tingling in the hand. Wrist splints, exercises, and sometimes surgery provide relief.

Celiac Disease

An autoimmune condition where eating gluten damages the small intestine. A strict gluten-free diet is the only effective treatment.

Cold Sores

Fluid-filled blisters around the lips caused by herpes simplex virus. Antiviral creams and medication help shorten outbreaks and reduce frequency.

Cold Hands & Feet

Poor circulation or nerve issues causing extremities to feel cold even in warm conditions. Addressing underlying causes like anemia or thyroid issues helps.

Cardiomyopathy

Disease of the heart muscle that makes it harder for the heart to pump blood. Can be inherited or caused by other conditions.

Cervical Cancer

Cancer of the cervix, primarily caused by HPV infection. Preventable through vaccination and detectable early with regular Pap smears.

Chickenpox

A highly contagious viral infection causing itchy blisters all over the body. Common in children but can affect adults. Vaccine available for prevention.

Croup

A childhood respiratory infection causing swelling around the vocal cords. Results in a distinctive barking cough. Usually mild but can be frightening.

Cholera

An acute diarrheal illness caused by contaminated water or food. Can cause severe dehydration. Common during floods and in areas with poor sanitation.

COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)

A chronic inflammatory lung disease causing obstructed airflow. Usually caused by long-term exposure to smoke or pollutants. Manageable but not curable.

Cellulitis

A bacterial skin infection causing redness, swelling, and pain. Can spread rapidly and become serious if untreated. Requires antibiotics.

Crohn's Disease

A chronic inflammatory bowel disease affecting the lining of the digestive tract. Can cause severe symptoms but is manageable with proper treatment.

Celiac Disease (Gluten Intolerance)

An autoimmune disease where eating gluten damages the small intestine lining. Lifelong gluten-free diet is the only treatment.

Colorectal Cancer

Cancer of the colon or rectum, the third most common cancer worldwide. Screening with colonoscopy can detect precancerous polyps early.

Cushing's Syndrome

A condition caused by prolonged exposure to high cortisol levels. Can result from medication or adrenal/pituitary tumors.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS)

A complex disorder characterized by extreme fatigue that doesn't improve with rest and worsens with physical or mental activity.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Compression of the median nerve in the wrist causing numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hand. Common in people who do repetitive hand work.

Costochondritis

Inflammation of the cartilage connecting ribs to the breastbone. Causes chest pain that can mimic heart attack but is harmless.

Corns and Calluses

Thick, hardened layers of skin that develop when skin tries to protect itself from friction and pressure. Common on feet and hands.

Chalazion

A painless lump on the eyelid caused by a blocked oil gland. Unlike a stye, it's not usually painful. Most resolve with warm compresses.

Cluster Headache

Extremely painful headaches occurring in cyclical patterns (clusters). One of the most painful types of headache. More common in men.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

Gradual loss of kidney function over months to years. Often caused by diabetes and hypertension. Early detection through routine tests is crucial.

Contact Dermatitis

A red, itchy rash caused by direct contact with a substance or an allergic reaction. Common triggers include soaps, cosmetics, jewelry, and plants.

Cerebral Palsy

A group of disorders affecting movement, muscle tone, and posture. Caused by brain damage before or during birth. Not progressive.

Childhood Obesity

Excessive body weight in children and adolescents. Increasing rapidly in India. Can lead to diabetes, heart disease, and psychological issues.

Chlamydia

The most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection. Often has no symptoms but can cause serious reproductive problems if untreated.

Chronic Pain Syndrome

Pain lasting more than 3-6 months, often without a clear cause. Affects quality of life significantly. Multidisciplinary approach works best.

Carcinoid Syndrome

A group of symptoms caused by carcinoid tumors releasing excess serotonin. Causes flushing, diarrhea, and wheezing.

Cystic Fibrosis

An inherited disorder that causes severe damage to the lungs and digestive system. Affects cells that produce mucus, sweat, and digestive juices.

Chronic Prostatitis

Long-term inflammation of the prostate gland. Common and can cause pelvic pain and urinary symptoms. Often difficult to treat.

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)

A chronic pain condition usually affecting a limb after injury or surgery. Pain is out of proportion to the severity of the initial injury.

Chiari Malformation

A structural defect in the skull base where brain tissue extends into the spinal canal. Can cause headaches and balance problems.

Cholesteatoma

An abnormal skin growth in the middle ear behind the eardrum. Can cause hearing loss and damage to surrounding structures.

Chondromalacia Patellae

Softening and breakdown of cartilage under the kneecap. Common in young adults and athletes. Causes knee pain during activities.

Compartment Syndrome

A painful condition when pressure within muscles builds to dangerous levels. Usually follows fracture or severe injury. Medical emergency.

Chilblains (Perniosis)

Painful inflammation of small blood vessels in the skin after exposure to cold. Causes itchy, red swellings on fingers and toes.

Coccydynia (Tailbone Pain)

Pain in the coccyx (tailbone) area, usually worse when sitting. Often caused by trauma, repetitive strain, or childbirth.

Choking (Airway Obstruction)

When food or foreign object blocks the airway. A life-threatening emergency requiring immediate Heimlich maneuver or back blows.

Chemical Burns

Skin or eye damage from contact with chemicals like acids, alkalis, or solvents. Immediate flushing with water is critical.

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

Exposure to carbon monoxide gas from faulty heaters, generators, or closed spaces. Can be fatal. Often called the silent killer.

Cradle Cap

Crusty, oily, or scaly patches on a baby's scalp. Common and harmless. Not painful or itchy. Usually clears up within a few months.

Colic (Infant)

Frequent, prolonged crying in a healthy, well-fed baby. Usually starts around 2-3 weeks and resolves by 3-4 months. Cause unknown.

D

Diabetes

A metabolic condition where the body cannot properly regulate blood sugar levels. It requires ongoing management through medication, diet, and regular monitoring.

Depression

A mental health condition affecting mood, thoughts, and daily functioning. Professional support combined with medication can help manage symptoms effectively.

Diarrhea

Frequent loose or watery stools often caused by infections, food intolerance, or medication. Staying hydrated is crucial during episodes.

Dental Pain

Pain in or around the teeth and jaws, often caused by cavities, infections, or gum disease. Requires dental attention alongside pain management.

Dermatitis

General inflammation of the skin causing redness, itching, and irritation. Identifying and avoiding triggers combined with medicated creams provides relief.

Dehydration

When the body loses more fluid than it takes in, affecting normal functions. Oral rehydration solutions and increased fluid intake are the primary treatment.

Dengue

A viral infection transmitted by mosquitoes causing high fever and body aches. There is no specific treatment; supportive care manages symptoms effectively.

Dry Eyes

When eyes don't produce enough tears or tears evaporate too quickly, causing discomfort. Artificial tears and lifestyle adjustments help manage symptoms.

Dandruff & Scalp Issues

Flaking of the scalp skin causing white flakes and itching. Medicated shampoos and proper scalp hygiene help control it effectively.

Dry Skin

Skin lacking moisture causing roughness, flaking, and sometimes cracking. Regular moisturizing and avoiding harsh soaps maintain skin hydration.

Dark Circles & Eye Bags

Discoloration under the eyes caused by lack of sleep, genetics, or nutritional deficiencies. Eye creams and addressing root causes help reduce their appearance.

Diabetic Neuropathy

Nerve damage caused by prolonged high blood sugar in diabetes patients. Affects extremities causing numbness, tingling, and pain. Proper blood sugar control slows progression.

Diabetic Retinopathy

Eye condition where high blood sugar damages blood vessels in the retina. Leading cause of blindness in diabetics. Regular eye exams and sugar control prevent vision loss.

Diabetic Foot

Foot problems in diabetics due to nerve damage and poor circulation. Can lead to ulcers, infections, and in severe cases, amputation. Daily foot care is essential.

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

A serious diabetes complication where the body produces excess blood acids called ketones. Medical emergency requiring immediate treatment.

Diabetic Nephropathy

Kidney damage caused by diabetes, a leading cause of kidney failure. Early detection through urine tests and blood sugar control can slow progression.

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

Blood clot in a deep vein, usually in the legs. Can be life-threatening if the clot travels to the lungs (pulmonary embolism).

Diaper Rash

Skin irritation in the diaper area common in babies and toddlers. Usually caused by prolonged wetness, friction, or yeast infection.

Dementia

A group of conditions characterized by decline in memory, reasoning, and other thinking skills. Not a specific disease but a general term for cognitive decline.

Deviated Nasal Septum

When the wall between nasal passages is displaced to one side, making one passage smaller. Causes breathing difficulty and frequent sinus infections.

Dyslexia

A learning disorder that affects reading ability despite normal intelligence. Early identification and specialized education methods help manage it.

Diverticulitis

Inflammation of small pouches (diverticula) in the digestive tract wall. Common after age 40. Can cause severe abdominal pain.

Down Syndrome

A genetic condition caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21. Causes developmental delays and physical features. With support, people lead fulfilling lives.

Diabetes Insipidus

A rare condition where kidneys produce large amounts of dilute urine. Despite the name, not related to diabetes mellitus.

Dysphagia (Swallowing Difficulty)

Difficulty swallowing food or liquids. Can be caused by many conditions from stroke to esophageal disorders. Requires evaluation.

Dystonia

A movement disorder causing sustained muscle contractions, resulting in twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal postures.

Dry Eye Disease

A common condition where tears don't provide adequate lubrication. Can cause eye discomfort and vision problems.

Dubin-Johnson Syndrome

A rare inherited disorder causing mild jaundice due to impaired bilirubin excretion. Benign and usually requires no treatment.

Dupuytren's Contracture

A hand deformity where thick tissue under the palm causes fingers to curl inward. Progresses slowly over years.

De Quervain's Tenosynovitis

Painful condition affecting tendons on the thumb side of the wrist. Common in new mothers and people who do repetitive wrist/hand activities.

Dry Socket (Alveolar Osteitis)

A painful dental condition after tooth extraction where the blood clot dissolves or dislodges. Exposes underlying bone and nerves.

Dermatomyositis

An inflammatory disease causing muscle weakness and distinctive skin rash. Can affect adults and children. May be associated with cancer.

Dog Bite & Rabies Prevention

Animal bites that require wound care and rabies vaccination. India accounts for 36% of global rabies deaths. Post-exposure prophylaxis saves lives.

Drug Allergy

An abnormal immune reaction to a medication. Can range from mild rash to severe anaphylaxis. Penicillin allergy is most common.

E

Eye Infections

Infections affecting the eye causing redness, irritation, and discharge. Proper hygiene and prescribed eye drops help resolve them quickly.

Ear Infections

Infections in the ear causing pain and sometimes hearing issues. Common in children, they usually respond well to treatment.

Eczema

A chronic skin condition causing itchy, inflamed patches that can flare up periodically. Moisturizers and medicated creams help keep it under control.

Epilepsy

A neurological disorder causing recurring seizures due to abnormal brain activity. Anti-seizure medication helps most people live normal lives.

Endometriosis

A condition where tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus, causing pain and fertility issues. Treatment ranges from medication to surgery.

Eating Disorders

Mental health conditions involving abnormal eating habits that negatively affect physical and mental health. Includes anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating.

Erectile Dysfunction

Inability to achieve or maintain an erection firm enough for sexual intercourse. Common and treatable. Often indicates underlying health issues.

Ectopic Pregnancy

When a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, usually in a fallopian tube. A medical emergency that cannot continue to birth.

Endometrial Cancer

Cancer of the uterine lining, the most common type of uterine cancer. Usually detected early due to abnormal bleeding.

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

A group of inherited disorders affecting connective tissue, primarily skin, joints, and blood vessel walls. Causes hypermobile joints.

Endocarditis

An infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves. Usually caused by bacteria entering the bloodstream. Can be life-threatening.

Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency

When the pancreas doesn't produce enough digestive enzymes. Causes malnutrition and fatty stools. Often linked to chronic pancreatitis.

Esophageal Varices

Enlarged veins in the esophagus, usually due to portal hypertension from liver disease. Can cause life-threatening bleeding.

Epididymitis

Inflammation of the epididymis (tube behind the testicle). Usually caused by bacterial infection. Causes scrotal pain and swelling.

Essential Tremor

A nervous system disorder causing rhythmic shaking, most commonly in hands. The most common movement disorder. Often runs in families.

Eosinophilia

Higher than normal number of eosinophils in blood. Common causes include allergies, parasitic infections, and autoimmune conditions.

Electrical Burns

Injuries caused by electric current passing through the body. Can cause internal damage not visible on the surface. Requires cardiac monitoring.

F

Fever

An elevation in body temperature often indicating the body is fighting an infection. While usually temporary, persistent or high fever needs medical attention.

Fungal Infections

Infections caused by fungi affecting skin, nails, or other areas. Antifungal medication and proper hygiene help clear infections.

Frozen Shoulder

Stiffness and pain in the shoulder joint that develops gradually and limits movement. Physiotherapy and anti-inflammatory medication aid recovery.

Food Poisoning

Illness from consuming contaminated food or water. Most cases resolve on their own but severe cases need medical intervention to prevent dehydration.

Fibromyalgia

A chronic condition causing widespread pain, fatigue, and tender points throughout the body. A combination of medication, exercise, and stress management helps.

Frequent Urination

Needing to urinate more often than usual, which can indicate diabetes, UTI, or prostate issues. Identifying the cause guides appropriate treatment.

Fatty Liver Disease

Excess fat buildup in liver cells, often linked to obesity, diabetes, or alcohol. Usually reversible with lifestyle changes. Can progress to cirrhosis.

Fibrocystic Breast Changes

Common, non-cancerous breast changes causing lumpy, painful breasts. Affects many women, especially before periods. Not linked to increased cancer risk.

Filariasis (Elephantiasis)

A tropical parasitic disease spread by mosquitoes, causing lymphatic system damage. Can lead to chronic swelling (lymphedema) of limbs.

Febrile Seizures

Convulsions in young children triggered by high fever. Frightening for parents but usually harmless. Most children outgrow them by age 5.

Fibrous Dysplasia

A condition where normal bone is replaced by fibrous tissue and abnormal bone. Can affect any bone. Usually develops during childhood.

Flat Feet (Pes Planus)

A condition where the arches of the feet flatten, causing the entire sole to touch the floor when standing. Can cause pain if severe.

Frostbite

Injury to skin and underlying tissue from freezing. Most commonly affects fingers, toes, nose, ears, cheeks, and chin.

Foreign Body in Eye

When a small object like dust, metal, or sand gets stuck in the eye. Can scratch the cornea. Requires careful removal.

Foreign Body in Ear

Objects stuck in the ear canal, common in children (beads, insects). Should not be removed at home. Requires medical extraction.

Food Allergies

Immune system reactions to certain foods like nuts, shellfish, eggs, or milk. Can range from mild to life-threatening anaphylaxis.

G

Gout

A form of arthritis caused by excess uric acid crystals in joints, often affecting the big toe. Diet changes and medication help prevent painful flare-ups.

Glaucoma

A group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, often due to high eye pressure. Early detection through regular eye exams prevents vision loss.

Gastritis

Inflammation of the stomach lining causing pain, nausea, and discomfort. Avoiding irritants and taking acid-reducing medication helps the stomach heal.

Gallstones

Hardened deposits in the gallbladder that can block bile flow causing pain. Dietary changes help manage symptoms while surgery removes the gallbladder if needed.

Gas & Bloating

Excess gas in the digestive system causing abdominal discomfort and distension. Dietary adjustments and digestive enzymes help reduce episodes.

Gestational Diabetes

Diabetes that develops during pregnancy, usually in the second or third trimester. Requires careful management to protect both mother and baby's health.

Gingivitis

Mild gum disease causing inflammation, redness, and bleeding of the gums. Reversible with good oral hygiene. Left untreated, can progress to periodontitis.

GERD (Acid Reflux Disease)

Chronic acid reflux where stomach acid frequently flows back into the esophagus. Causes heartburn and may damage the esophagus over time.

Graves' Disease

An autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid). The most common cause of excess thyroid hormone production.

Glandular Fever (Mono)

An infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, common in teenagers and young adults. Spread through saliva. Usually resolves in a few weeks.

Ganglion Cyst

A non-cancerous lump that most commonly develops along tendons or joints of the wrists or hands. Can cause pain if pressing on a nerve.

Gastroparesis

A condition where the stomach cannot empty itself normally, often affecting people with diabetes. Causes nausea, vomiting, and feeling full quickly.

Guillain-Barré Syndrome

A rare disorder where the immune system attacks the nerves. Weakness and tingling in extremities are usually the first symptoms.

Gonorrhea

A sexually transmitted bacterial infection affecting the genitals, rectum, and throat. Treatable with antibiotics but resistance is increasing.

Gilbert's Syndrome

A common, harmless liver condition where the liver doesn't properly process bilirubin. Causes mild jaundice during stress or illness.

Glossitis

Inflammation of the tongue causing it to swell, change color, and develop a smooth surface. Can be caused by infections or nutritional deficiencies.

Geographic Tongue

A harmless condition causing smooth, red patches on the tongue surface, creating a map-like appearance. Patches may move over time.

H

Hypertension

Also known as high blood pressure, this condition puts extra strain on your heart and blood vessels. Regular monitoring and medication help keep it under control.

Headache

Pain in the head or face region that can range from mild to severe. Can be triggered by stress, dehydration, eye strain, or underlying conditions.

High Cholesterol

Elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood increasing heart disease risk. Managed through diet, exercise, and cholesterol-lowering medication.

Hair Loss

Thinning or loss of hair that can result from genetics, stress, nutritional deficiencies, or medical conditions. Various treatments are available.

Hepatitis

Inflammation of the liver caused by viral infection, alcohol, or toxins. Early detection and treatment prevent serious liver damage.

Heart Disease

A range of conditions affecting the heart including coronary artery disease and heart failure. Lifestyle changes and medication are key to management.

Hemorrhoids (Piles)

Swollen blood vessels in the rectal area causing discomfort, itching, and sometimes bleeding. Fiber-rich diet and topical treatments provide relief.

Hernia

When an organ pushes through a weak spot in surrounding muscle or tissue. Surgery is often needed for repair, though small hernias may be monitored.

Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction)

Occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked, causing heart muscle damage. A medical emergency requiring immediate treatment.

Heart Failure

A chronic condition where the heart doesn't pump blood as well as it should. Manageable with medication, lifestyle changes, and regular monitoring.

Hand, Foot & Mouth Disease

A common childhood viral illness causing sores in the mouth and a rash on hands and feet. Usually mild and resolves in 7-10 days.

HIV/AIDS

HIV attacks the immune system, and without treatment progresses to AIDS. Antiretroviral therapy allows people with HIV to live long, healthy lives.

Hepatitis A

A liver infection caused by the Hepatitis A virus, spread through contaminated food or water. Usually resolves on its own. Vaccine available.

Hepatitis B

A serious liver infection caused by HBV, transmitted through blood and body fluids. Chronic infection can lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Vaccine available.

H. Pylori Infection

A bacterial infection in the stomach that can cause gastritis and peptic ulcers. Common in India. Treatable with a combination of antibiotics.

Hemophilia

A genetic disorder where blood doesn't clot normally due to lack of clotting factors. Causes prolonged bleeding from injuries and spontaneous bleeding.

Hashimoto's Thyroiditis

An autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks the thyroid gland, leading to hypothyroidism. The most common cause of underactive thyroid.

Hyperthyroidism

When the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone, speeding up metabolism. Causes weight loss, rapid heart rate, and nervousness.

Hypothyroidism

When the thyroid gland doesn't produce enough thyroid hormone, slowing metabolism. Common in India, especially in women.

Hyperparathyroidism

Overactivity of the parathyroid glands resulting in excess calcium in the blood. Can weaken bones and cause kidney stones.

Hydrocele

A fluid-filled sac around the testicle causing scrotal swelling. Common in newborns and older men. Usually painless and often resolves on its own.

Hearing Loss

Partial or total inability to hear in one or both ears. Can be caused by aging, noise exposure, infections, or genetics.

Herniated Disc (Slipped Disc)

When the soft center of a spinal disc pushes through a crack in its outer casing. Can irritate nearby nerves causing pain, numbness, or weakness.

Hepatitis C

A viral infection causing liver inflammation, spread through blood contact. Chronic infection can lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Now curable with medications.

Heat Stroke

A serious condition when the body overheats, usually due to prolonged exposure to high temperatures. A medical emergency requiring immediate cooling.

Hypothermia

A dangerous drop in body temperature below 95°F (35°C), usually from prolonged cold exposure. Can be life-threatening if not treated promptly.

Herpes Simplex

A viral infection causing sores around the mouth (HSV-1) or genitals (HSV-2). Recurrent but manageable with antiviral medication.

Hyperventilation Syndrome

Rapid or deep breathing that changes blood gas levels, causing dizziness, tingling, and anxiety. Often triggered by panic or stress.

Hiatal Hernia

When part of the stomach pushes up through the diaphragm into the chest. Can cause acid reflux symptoms. Common in people over 50.

Hyperhidrosis (Excessive Sweating)

Abnormally excessive sweating not necessarily related to heat or exercise. Can significantly impact quality of life and social confidence.

Hidradenitis Suppurativa

A chronic skin condition causing small, painful lumps under the skin, usually where skin rubs together like armpits and groin.

Hydrocephalus

Excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain. Can occur at any age but most common in infants and older adults.

Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, beyond normal morning sickness. Can cause dehydration and weight loss. May need IV fluids.

Hookworm Infection

A parasitic infection from hookworm larvae entering through bare feet. Common in tropical India. Causes anemia and malnutrition.

Hepatitis E

A liver infection caused by the Hepatitis E virus, spread through contaminated water. Common during monsoon season in India. Usually self-limiting.

Hemochromatosis

A condition causing excess iron absorption and buildup in body organs. Can damage liver, heart, and pancreas. Treated with regular blood removal.

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura

A small-vessel vasculitis causing a purple rash, joint pain, abdominal pain, and kidney problems. Most common in children.

Hyperuricemia (High Uric Acid)

Elevated levels of uric acid in the blood. Can lead to gout and kidney stones. Common in India due to diet and lifestyle.

Hepatic Encephalopathy

Brain dysfunction caused by liver failure. Toxins normally cleared by the liver accumulate and affect brain function.

Huntington's Disease

A rare inherited disease that causes progressive breakdown of nerve cells in the brain. Affects movement, cognition, and behavior.

Hemolytic Anemia

A condition where red blood cells are destroyed faster than the body can make them. Can be inherited or acquired.

Hammer Toe

A deformity where the toe curls downward instead of pointing forward. Usually affects second, third, or fourth toes. Worsens without treatment.

Heel Spur

A bony growth on the underside of the heel bone. Often associated with plantar fasciitis. May not cause symptoms in many people.

Halitosis (Bad Breath)

Persistent bad breath that doesn't go away with regular brushing. Can be caused by dental problems, dry mouth, or medical conditions.

Heat Rash (Prickly Heat)

Small red bumps caused by blocked sweat ducts in hot weather. Very common in India during summer. Usually resolves with cooling.

I

Insomnia & Sleep Disorders

Difficulty falling or staying asleep affecting daily functioning and health. Good sleep hygiene and appropriate treatment can improve sleep quality.

Immunity & Wellness

Maintaining a strong immune system helps the body fight infections and diseases. Proper nutrition, exercise, and supplements support immune health.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

A chronic gut disorder causing abdominal pain, bloating, and altered bowel habits. Diet modification and stress management play important roles in relief.

Iron Deficiency

Low iron levels reducing the blood's ability to carry oxygen, leading to fatigue and weakness. Iron supplements and iron-rich foods help correct it.

Interstitial Lung Disease

A group of disorders causing progressive scarring of lung tissue, affecting breathing. Multiple causes including environmental exposures and autoimmune diseases.

Impetigo

A highly contagious bacterial skin infection common in children. Causes red sores that rupture, ooze, and form a honey-colored crust.

Intestinal Worms

Parasitic infections of the intestines common in tropical regions. Types include roundworm, hookworm, and tapeworm. Deworming medication is effective.

Ingrown Toenail

When the edge of a toenail grows into the surrounding skin, causing pain, swelling, and sometimes infection. Most common in the big toe.

Inguinal Hernia

A bulge in the groin area when tissue pushes through a weak spot in the abdominal muscles. Most common type of hernia, especially in men.

Interstitial Cystitis

A chronic bladder condition causing bladder pressure, bladder pain, and pelvic pain. More common in women. Often misdiagnosed as UTI.

Intestinal Obstruction

A blockage in the small or large intestine preventing food and liquid from passing. Can be caused by adhesions, hernias, or tumors. Medical emergency.

ITP (Immune Thrombocytopenia)

An autoimmune disorder causing low platelet count, leading to easy bruising and bleeding. Can affect children and adults.

IT Band Syndrome

A common knee injury caused by inflammation of the iliotibial band. Common in runners and cyclists. Causes lateral knee pain.

Intertrigo

Skin inflammation in body folds caused by friction, moisture, and warmth. Common in skin creases like armpits and groin.

Insect Bites & Stings

Skin reactions from bites/stings of mosquitoes, bees, wasps, ants, or spiders. Usually mild but can cause severe allergic reactions.

L

Low Blood Pressure

When blood pressure drops below normal levels causing dizziness and fainting. Managing fluid intake and medication helps maintain healthy levels.

Leg Cramps

Sudden, painful muscle contractions in the legs, often at night. Stretching, hydration, and addressing mineral deficiencies prevent recurrence.

Leucorrhea (White Discharge)

Abnormal vaginal discharge that may indicate infection. Normal discharge is clear/white, but unusual color, odor, or amount should be evaluated.

Leptospirosis

A bacterial infection spread through contaminated water or soil, common during floods. Can cause kidney and liver damage if untreated.

Lung Cancer

Cancer that begins in the lungs, the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Smoking is the primary risk factor. Early detection improves outcomes.

Laryngitis

Inflammation of the voice box (larynx) from overuse, irritation, or infection. Causes hoarseness or loss of voice. Usually temporary.

Liver Cirrhosis

Late-stage scarring of the liver caused by chronic liver disease. Damage cannot be reversed but treatment can slow progression.

Lactose Intolerance

Inability to digest lactose (milk sugar) causing digestive symptoms after consuming dairy products. Common in South Asian populations.

Leukemia

Cancer of the body's blood-forming tissues including bone marrow. Causes the production of abnormal white blood cells. Multiple types exist.

Lymphoma

Cancer of the lymphatic system, which is part of the immune system. Two main types: Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Liver Cancer

Cancer that begins in the liver cells. Risk factors include chronic hepatitis B/C, cirrhosis, and fatty liver disease. Screening in high-risk groups is recommended.

Lupus (SLE)

A systemic autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks healthy tissue. Affects joints, skin, kidneys, and other organs. Periods of flares and remission.

Liver Failure

When large parts of the liver become damaged beyond repair and the liver can no longer function. Can be acute (sudden) or chronic (gradual).

Lipoma

A soft, fatty lump under the skin that's usually harmless. Most common in middle-aged adults. Rarely needs treatment unless bothersome.

Labyrinthitis

Inner ear infection causing inflammation that affects balance and hearing. Usually follows a viral infection. Causes severe vertigo.

Lichen Planus

An inflammatory condition affecting skin, hair, nails, and mucous membranes. Causes purplish, flat-topped, itchy bumps. Autoimmune in nature.

Lymphedema

Swelling caused by blockage in the lymphatic system. Most commonly affects arms or legs. Can result from cancer treatment or infections.

M

Migraine

A neurological condition causing intense, recurring headaches often with nausea and sensitivity to light. Various medications help prevent and treat episodes.

Menopause

A natural transition marking the end of menstrual cycles, usually around age 45-55. Hormone therapy and lifestyle changes help manage symptoms.

Malaria

A mosquito-borne infectious disease causing high fever and chills in cycles. Early diagnosis and antimalarial medication are essential for recovery.

Mouth Ulcers

Painful sores inside the mouth that can make eating and drinking uncomfortable. Usually heal on their own but medicated gels speed recovery.

Motion Sickness

Nausea and dizziness triggered by movement during travel in cars, boats, or planes. Preventive medication taken before travel helps avoid symptoms.

Measles

A highly contagious viral infection causing high fever and a characteristic rash. Preventable through MMR vaccination. Can have serious complications.

Mumps

A viral infection that causes swelling of the salivary glands. Spread through saliva. Preventable with MMR vaccine.

Meningitis

Inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Can be bacterial or viral. Bacterial meningitis is a medical emergency.

Melasma

Dark patches of skin discoloration, usually on the face. Common in women during pregnancy or hormonal changes. Sun protection is key to prevention.

Macular Degeneration

An eye disease that progressively destroys central vision. The leading cause of vision loss in people over 60. Early detection is crucial.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

An autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks nerve coverings, causing communication problems between brain and body.

Myasthenia Gravis

An autoimmune neuromuscular disease causing weakness in skeletal muscles. Affects muscles that control eyes, face, and swallowing.

Middle Ear Infection (Otitis Media)

Infection of the middle ear, very common in children. Causes ear pain and can affect hearing temporarily. Often follows a cold.

Molluscum Contagiosum

A viral skin infection causing small, raised, pearl-like bumps. Common in children and spreads through skin contact. Usually resolves on its own.

Meningioma

A tumor that arises from the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Usually benign and slow-growing. May not require immediate treatment.

Motor Neuron Disease (ALS)

A group of progressive neurological diseases that destroy motor neurons controlling voluntary muscle activity. Stephen Hawking's condition.

Miscarriage

Loss of pregnancy before the 20th week. Very common — occurs in about 10-20% of known pregnancies. Support and medical care are important.

Melanoma

The most serious type of skin cancer, developing in melanocytes. Can spread to other organs. Early detection through mole monitoring is key.

Multiple Myeloma

A cancer of plasma cells in the bone marrow. Causes bone destruction, anemia, and kidney problems. Treatable but not curable.

Meniere's Disease

An inner ear disorder causing episodes of vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus, and ear fullness. Affects one ear usually.

Mesothelioma

A rare cancer affecting the lining of lungs or abdomen, almost always caused by asbestos exposure. Difficult to treat.

Marfan Syndrome

A genetic disorder affecting connective tissue. People are usually tall and thin with long arms, legs, and fingers. Can affect the heart.

Myocarditis

Inflammation of the heart muscle, often caused by viral infections. Can affect the heart's ability to pump and cause rapid or abnormal heart rhythms.

Myasthenic Crisis

A life-threatening condition in myasthenia gravis patients where respiratory muscles become too weak to breathe. Requires emergency care.

Malignant Otitis Externa

A serious infection of the outer ear and skull base bones, almost exclusively in diabetics and immunocompromised patients.

Megaloblastic Anemia

A type of anemia characterized by very large red blood cells, usually caused by folate or vitamin B12 deficiency.

Metatarsalgia

Pain and inflammation in the ball of the foot. Common in runners, people who wear high heels, or those with foot deformities.

Morton's Neuroma

A painful condition affecting the ball of the foot, most commonly between the third and fourth toes. Feels like standing on a pebble.

Myofascial Pain Syndrome

A chronic pain disorder where pressure on sensitive trigger points in muscles causes pain in seemingly unrelated body parts.

Mastitis

Breast tissue infection causing breast pain, swelling, warmth, and redness. Most common during breastfeeding. Treated with antibiotics.

N

Nail Infections

Fungal or bacterial infections affecting fingernails or toenails causing discoloration and thickening. Antifungal medication applied or taken orally treats the infection.

Nausea & Vomiting

Common symptoms that can be caused by infections, motion sickness, pregnancy, or other conditions. Anti-nausea medication and hydration manage most cases.

Nasal Polyps

Painless, soft growths in the nasal passages or sinuses. Can cause breathing difficulty and loss of smell. Associated with allergies and asthma.

Narcolepsy

A chronic sleep disorder causing overwhelming daytime drowsiness and sudden attacks of sleep. Can significantly affect daily routine.

Neonatal Jaundice

Yellowing of skin and eyes in newborn babies due to immature liver. Very common and usually resolves with phototherapy or on its own.

Night Blindness

Difficulty seeing in low light or darkness. Often caused by vitamin A deficiency, cataracts, or retinitis pigmentosa.

Nephrotic Syndrome

A kidney disorder causing the body to excrete too much protein in urine. Causes swelling, especially in feet and ankles.

Nephritic Syndrome

A group of symptoms caused by kidney inflammation (glomerulonephritis). Causes blood in urine, high blood pressure, and reduced urine output.

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

A treatable cause of dementia in elderly, caused by excess cerebrospinal fluid. Characterized by the classic triad of symptoms.

Neutropenia

Abnormally low count of neutrophils (a type of white blood cell). Increases risk of infections. Can be caused by medications or diseases.

Nosebleeds (Epistaxis)

Bleeding from the nose, common and usually not serious. Can be caused by dry air, nose picking, allergies, or blood pressure issues.

Near-Drowning

Submersion in water causing breathing difficulty. Can cause lung damage even if person survives. Requires immediate resuscitation and hospital monitoring.

O

Obesity & Weight Management

Excess body weight that increases risk of various health conditions. A combination of diet, exercise, and medical guidance supports healthy weight loss.

Osteoporosis

A condition that weakens bones making them fragile and more likely to break. Calcium, vitamin D, and weight-bearing exercises help maintain bone strength.

Ovarian Cyst

Fluid-filled sacs in or on the ovary, often forming during ovulation. Most resolve on their own, but large or persistent cysts may need treatment.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

A mental disorder featuring recurring unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions). Treatment includes therapy and medication.

Oral Thrush

A fungal infection of the mouth causing white patches on the tongue and inner cheeks. Common in babies, elderly, and immunocompromised individuals.

Oral Cancer

Cancer of the mouth, tongue, or throat. Tobacco and alcohol are major risk factors. Early detection improves treatment success significantly.

Osteomyelitis

A bone infection, usually caused by bacteria. Can reach bone through blood or from nearby infected tissue. Requires long-term antibiotic treatment.

Occupational Asthma

Asthma caused or worsened by breathing in fumes, gases, dust, or other harmful substances at work. Prevention involves workplace modifications.

Otosclerosis

Abnormal bone growth in the middle ear causing progressive hearing loss. More common in women. Can be treated with surgery.

Orchitis

Inflammation of one or both testicles, usually caused by bacterial or viral infection. Can be a complication of mumps.

Optic Neuritis

Inflammation of the optic nerve causing sudden vision loss in one eye. Often associated with multiple sclerosis.

P

PCOD / PCOS

A hormonal disorder common in women of reproductive age causing irregular periods and other symptoms. Management includes lifestyle changes and medication.

Period Pain & Menstrual Issues

Cramps and discomfort during menstruation experienced by many women. Pain relievers and lifestyle changes can provide significant relief.

Pregnancy Care

Health management during pregnancy ensuring the well-being of both mother and baby. Regular checkups and proper nutrition are essential.

Pneumonia

A lung infection that fills air sacs with fluid, causing breathing difficulty and chest pain. Requires prompt medical treatment, often with antibiotics.

Psoriasis

An autoimmune skin condition causing rapid skin cell buildup resulting in scaly patches. Treatment includes topical creams, light therapy, and medication.

Peptic Ulcer

Open sores on the inner lining of the stomach or upper small intestine. Treatment involves antibiotics for H. pylori and acid-suppressing medication.

Prostate Issues

Conditions affecting the prostate gland including enlargement and inflammation, common in older men. Regular screening helps detect problems early.

Pancreatitis

Inflammation of the pancreas causing severe abdominal pain. Acute cases often require hospitalization while chronic forms need long-term dietary management.

Piles

Swollen veins in and around the rectum causing pain and bleeding, especially during bowel movements. Dietary fiber and topical treatments ease discomfort.

Prediabetes

A condition where blood sugar levels are higher than normal but not yet high enough for a type 2 diabetes diagnosis. Lifestyle changes can prevent progression.

Pulmonary Embolism

A blood clot that blocks blood flow to the lungs, usually originating from leg veins. A life-threatening emergency requiring immediate treatment.

Peripheral Artery Disease

Narrowed arteries reducing blood flow to limbs, usually legs. Causes leg pain when walking and increases heart attack risk.

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Infection of the female reproductive organs, often caused by sexually transmitted bacteria. Early treatment prevents complications like infertility.

Postpartum Depression

Depression that occurs after childbirth, affecting the mother's ability to care for herself and her baby. Professional help and support are crucial.

Pinworm Infection

A common intestinal worm infection in children causing itching around the anus, especially at night. Easily treatable and preventable with hygiene.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

A mental health condition triggered by experiencing or witnessing a terrifying event. Symptoms can start months or years after the trauma.

Panic Disorder

A type of anxiety disorder with recurring unexpected panic attacks — sudden waves of intense fear with physical symptoms. Highly treatable.

Phobias

Intense, irrational fears of specific objects, situations, or activities. Common phobias include fear of heights, spiders, flying, and enclosed spaces.

Pleural Effusion

Excess fluid buildup between the layers of tissue lining the lungs and chest cavity. Can be caused by infections, heart failure, or cancer.

Pulmonary Fibrosis

Scarring and thickening of lung tissue that makes it difficult to breathe. Progressive condition that worsens over time. Treatment slows progression.

Periodontitis

A serious gum infection that damages soft tissue and destroys bone supporting the teeth. A major cause of tooth loss in adults.

Parkinson's Disease

A progressive nervous system disorder affecting movement. Causes tremors, stiffness, and slow movement. Medication can significantly improve symptoms.

Peripheral Neuropathy

Damage to peripheral nerves causing weakness, numbness, and pain, usually in hands and feet. Multiple causes including diabetes, vitamin deficiency, and infections.

Prostate Cancer

Cancer in the prostate gland, one of the most common cancers in men. Often slow-growing. Early detection through PSA testing improves outcomes.

Polycythemia Vera

A rare blood cancer where the bone marrow makes too many red blood cells, thickening the blood and increasing clot risk.

Pituitary Tumor

Abnormal growth in the pituitary gland that may affect hormone production. Most are benign (non-cancerous) but can cause significant symptoms.

Pharyngitis (Sore Throat)

Inflammation of the pharynx (back of the throat) causing pain and scratchiness. Most cases are viral and resolve without antibiotics.

Plantar Fasciitis

Inflammation of the thick band of tissue connecting heel to toes. Causes stabbing heel pain, especially with first steps in the morning.

Pelvic Floor Dysfunction

Inability to correctly relax and coordinate pelvic floor muscles for bowel movements and urination. Common after pregnancy and in older adults.

Pilonidal Cyst

A cyst near the tailbone that can become infected and filled with pus. More common in young men. May require drainage or surgery.

Pityriasis Rosea

A common skin rash that starts with a large oval patch on the chest, back, or abdomen, followed by smaller patches. Usually clears in 6-8 weeks.

Pemphigus

A group of rare autoimmune diseases causing blisters on the skin and mucous membranes. Requires long-term immunosuppressive treatment.

Pneumothorax (Collapsed Lung)

Occurs when air leaks into the space between the lung and chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. Can be life-threatening.

Polycystic Kidney Disease

An inherited disorder where clusters of cysts develop in the kidneys, causing them to enlarge. Can lead to kidney failure over time.

Preeclampsia

A pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and organ damage, usually after 20 weeks. Can be life-threatening if untreated.

Placenta Previa

A pregnancy condition where the placenta covers the cervix, causing severe bleeding. Requires careful monitoring and often cesarean delivery.

Pancreatic Cancer

Cancer that begins in the pancreas. Often diagnosed late because early symptoms are vague. One of the most challenging cancers to treat.

Polymyalgia Rheumatica

An inflammatory disorder causing muscle pain and stiffness, especially in shoulders and hips. Almost exclusively affects people over 50.

Psoriatic Arthritis

An inflammatory arthritis associated with psoriasis. Causes joint pain, stiffness, and swelling. Can affect any joint.

Pheochromocytoma

A rare tumor of the adrenal gland that produces excess adrenaline, causing episodes of high blood pressure. Usually benign.

Primary Aldosteronism

A hormonal disorder where the adrenal glands produce too much aldosterone, causing high blood pressure and low potassium.

Presbyopia

Age-related loss of the ability to focus on nearby objects. Affects most people after age 40. Corrected with reading glasses or multifocal lenses.

Porphyria

A group of disorders caused by abnormalities in the chemical steps that lead to heme production. Can cause skin and nervous system symptoms.

Pericarditis

Inflammation of the pericardium (the sac surrounding the heart). Causes sharp chest pain that may worsen with breathing or lying down.

Pruritus (Chronic Itching)

Persistent itching of the skin that can have many causes including skin conditions, liver disease, kidney disease, or thyroid problems.

Photophobia (Light Sensitivity)

Abnormal sensitivity to light causing discomfort or pain. Can be a symptom of eye conditions, migraines, or neurological disorders.

Portal Hypertension

High blood pressure in the portal vein system (liver). Usually caused by cirrhosis. Can lead to varices and ascites.

Priapism

A persistent, often painful erection lasting more than 4 hours not related to sexual stimulation. A medical emergency.

Phimosis

A condition where the foreskin of the penis cannot be fully retracted. Normal in young boys but can cause issues in older children and adults.

Post-Herpetic Neuralgia

Persistent nerve pain that occurs after a shingles outbreak. The most common complication of shingles. Can last months to years.

Pterygium

A growth of pink tissue on the white of the eye, often extending toward the cornea. Common in sunny, dusty climates. May affect vision.

Pancytopenia

Reduction in all three blood cell types — red cells, white cells, and platelets. Indicates a serious underlying condition.

Pernicious Anemia

An autoimmune condition preventing absorption of vitamin B12, leading to megaloblastic anemia. Requires lifelong B12 supplementation.

Paget's Disease of Bone

A chronic bone disorder where bones grow larger and weaker than normal. Usually affects pelvis, skull, spine, and legs.

Polymyositis

An inflammatory disease causing muscle weakness on both sides of the body. Can make it difficult to climb stairs, rise from a chair, or lift objects.

R

Ringworm

A common fungal skin infection causing circular, red, itchy patches. Despite the name, it is not caused by a worm. Antifungal creams clear it effectively.

Roseola

A common childhood viral infection causing high fever followed by a distinctive rash. Usually affects children 6 months to 2 years old.

Rabies

A deadly viral disease transmitted through animal bites, usually dogs. Preventable with post-exposure vaccination if treated immediately.

Rosacea

A chronic skin condition causing facial redness, bumps, and visible blood vessels. More common in fair-skinned individuals. Triggers include sun, heat, and spicy food.

Retinal Detachment

A medical emergency where the retina pulls away from its normal position. Without quick treatment, can cause permanent vision loss.

Rheumatoid Arthritis

An autoimmune disease causing chronic inflammation of joints. Unlike osteoarthritis, it affects the joint lining and can cause joint deformity.

Rotator Cuff Injury

Tear or inflammation of the muscles and tendons that stabilize the shoulder joint. Common in overhead sports and repetitive arm movements.

Restless Leg Syndrome

An uncontrollable urge to move legs, usually due to uncomfortable sensations, typically worsening at night. Can significantly disrupt sleep.

Raynaud's Disease

A condition where smaller arteries that supply blood to the skin narrow, limiting blood flow to affected areas, usually fingers and toes.

Rectal Prolapse

When the rectum slips out of its normal position and protrudes through the anus. More common in older adults and women.

Rickets

A childhood bone disorder caused by vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate deficiency. Causes soft and weak bones. Preventable with proper nutrition.

Reactive Arthritis

Joint inflammation that develops in response to an infection in another part of the body, often urinary tract or intestines.

Renal Tubular Acidosis

A condition where the kidneys fail to properly acidify the urine, leading to acid buildup in the blood.

S

Skin Allergies

Immune reactions causing skin irritation, rashes, or itching. Identifying triggers and using appropriate medication helps manage symptoms.

Stomach Pain

Abdominal discomfort that can result from many causes including indigestion, infection, or stress. Identifying the cause guides proper treatment.

Sinusitis

Inflammation of the sinus cavities causing facial pain, congestion, and headaches. Decongestants and sometimes antibiotics help manage symptoms.

Sciatica

Pain radiating along the sciatic nerve from the lower back through the hips and legs. Rest, stretching, and medication help manage acute episodes.

Sleep Apnea

A disorder where breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep, disrupting rest. CPAP machines and lifestyle changes are the primary treatments.

Sore Throat

Pain and irritation in the throat often caused by viral infections or bacterial strep. Rest, warm fluids, and sometimes antibiotics help with recovery.

Sunburn

Skin damage from excessive UV exposure causing redness, pain, and peeling. Prevention with sunscreen is key; soothing lotions aid recovery.

Stress & Burnout

Prolonged emotional or physical strain affecting mental and physical health. Lifestyle changes, therapy, and sometimes medication help restore balance.

Sinus Headache

Headache caused by pressure buildup in the sinus cavities, often accompanied by congestion. Decongestants and steam inhalation provide effective relief.

Stroke

Occurs when blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted, causing brain cells to die. A medical emergency — every minute counts.

Scarlet Fever

A bacterial infection causing a sandpaper-like red rash, sore throat, and high fever. Treated with antibiotics. Most common in children 5-15 years.

Schizophrenia

A serious mental disorder affecting thinking, feelings, and behavior. Requires lifelong treatment. Early intervention improves outcomes significantly.

Social Anxiety Disorder

Intense fear of social situations where one might be judged or scrutinized. More than shyness — it significantly impacts daily life.

Scabies

A contagious skin condition caused by tiny mites burrowing into the skin. Causes intense itching, especially at night. Treated with medicated creams.

Stye (Hordeolum)

A painful red bump on the eyelid edge caused by a bacterial infection of an oil gland. Usually resolves with warm compresses in a few days.

Stomach Cancer

Cancer that develops in the lining of the stomach. H. pylori infection is a risk factor. Early stages often have no symptoms.

Sickle Cell Disease

An inherited blood disorder where red blood cells become sickle-shaped, blocking blood flow. Causes pain crises and organ damage.

Sjogren's Syndrome

An autoimmune disease that primarily affects moisture-producing glands, causing dry eyes and dry mouth. Can affect other organs too.

Scoliosis

Sideways curvature of the spine that occurs during the growth spurt before puberty. Most cases are mild but some require bracing or surgery.

Spinal Stenosis

Narrowing of spaces in the spine that puts pressure on nerves. Most common in the lower back and neck. Often related to aging.

Sepsis

A life-threatening condition when the body's response to infection damages its own tissues and organs. A medical emergency requiring immediate treatment.

Shingles (Herpes Zoster)

A painful rash caused by reactivation of the chickenpox virus. Occurs in a band-like pattern on one side of the body. Vaccine available for prevention.

Snoring & Sleep Disorders

Noisy breathing during sleep caused by vibration of relaxed tissues in the throat. Can indicate sleep apnea if accompanied by breathing pauses.

Swimmer's Ear (Otitis Externa)

An infection of the outer ear canal, often caused by water remaining in the ear. Common after swimming. Treated with ear drops.

Systemic Fungal Infection

Serious fungal infections that can affect lungs, blood, and other organs. More common in immunocompromised patients. Requires antifungal treatment.

Seborrheic Dermatitis

A common skin condition mainly affecting the scalp, causing scaly patches, red skin, and stubborn dandruff. Can also affect oily areas of the body.

Sarcoidosis

An inflammatory disease where clumps of immune cells form in various organs, most commonly the lungs and lymph nodes. Cause unknown.

Scleroderma

A group of autoimmune diseases causing hardening and tightening of the skin and connective tissues. Can affect internal organs.

Schistosomiasis

A parasitic disease caused by flatworms, acquired from contaminated freshwater. Common in tropical regions. Can affect intestines and urinary system.

Syphilis

A bacterial STI that progresses through stages if untreated. Can cause serious complications. Completely curable with penicillin.

Sarcoma

A rare type of cancer that develops in bones and soft tissues like muscle, fat, and blood vessels. Can occur anywhere in the body.

Short Bowel Syndrome

A malabsorption condition that occurs when a significant portion of the small intestine is missing or removed.

Status Epilepticus

A seizure lasting longer than 5 minutes, or multiple seizures without regaining consciousness. A medical emergency.

Spina Bifida

A birth defect where the spinal column doesn't close completely during development. Severity varies from mild to severe.

Sacroiliitis

Inflammation of one or both sacroiliac joints (where lower spine connects to pelvis). Causes lower back and buttock pain.

Shin Splints

Pain along the inner edge of the shinbone (tibia). Common in runners and dancers who have recently intensified or changed training routines.

Spondylolisthesis

A condition where one vertebra slips forward over the one below it. Can cause lower back pain and leg pain if nerves are affected.

Snake Bite

A medical emergency when bitten by a venomous snake. India has the highest snake bite deaths globally. Immediate antivenom is critical.

T

Thyroid Disorders

Conditions where the thyroid gland produces too much or too little hormone, affecting metabolism, energy, and overall health. Regular testing helps manage it.

Tonsillitis

Infection of the tonsils causing sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and fever. Common in children but can affect adults too.

Typhoid

A bacterial infection from contaminated food or water causing prolonged fever. Antibiotics effectively treat it when diagnosed early.

Tuberculosis (TB)

A bacterial infection primarily affecting the lungs, requiring a prolonged course of antibiotics. Early detection and complete treatment are critical.

Tinnitus

Perception of ringing or buzzing in the ears without external sound. While there is no cure, sound therapy and addressing underlying causes help manage it.

Type 1 Diabetes

An autoimmune condition where the pancreas produces little or no insulin. Requires lifelong insulin therapy and careful blood sugar monitoring.

Tetanus

A serious bacterial infection causing painful muscle stiffness and spasms. Preventable with TT vaccination. Wound care is crucial for prevention.

Tooth Abscess

A pocket of pus caused by bacterial infection in or around a tooth. Can cause severe pain and spread to other areas. Requires dental treatment.

TMJ Disorder

Pain and dysfunction of the jaw joint and muscles that control jaw movement. Can cause difficulty chewing and jaw locking.

Trigeminal Neuralgia

A chronic pain condition affecting the trigeminal nerve in the face. Causes sudden, severe, shock-like facial pain. Called the 'suicide disease' due to severity.

Thyroid Cancer

Cancer of the thyroid gland, usually detected as a lump in the neck. Most types are highly treatable with excellent survival rates.

Thalassemia

An inherited blood disorder where the body makes an abnormal form of hemoglobin. Common in South Asia. Requires regular monitoring and possible transfusions.

Tennis Elbow

Pain on the outer part of the elbow caused by overuse of forearm muscles. Common in racket sports and repetitive work activities.

Tendonitis

Inflammation of a tendon, the thick cord that attaches muscle to bone. Caused by repetitive motion or sudden injury. Common in wrists, elbows, and shoulders.

Tropical Sprue

A condition affecting nutrient absorption in the small intestine, common in tropical regions. Causes chronic diarrhea and malnutrition.

Travel Sickness

Nausea and dizziness caused by motion during travel — car, bus, boat, or plane. Results from conflicting signals between eyes and inner ear.

Trigger Finger

A condition where a finger gets stuck in a bent position and then snaps straight. Caused by inflammation of the tendon sheath.

Tension Headache

The most common type of headache, causing a dull, aching pain across the forehead or back of head. Usually triggered by stress or muscle tension.

Testicular Cancer

Cancer in the testicles, most common in young men aged 15-35. Highly treatable even when spread beyond the testicle.

Toxoplasmosis

An infection from the Toxoplasma parasite, often from cats or undercooked meat. Usually harmless but dangerous during pregnancy.

Thrombocytosis

A condition with abnormally high platelet count. Can be reactive (due to infection/iron deficiency) or primary (bone marrow disorder).

Temporal Arteritis (Giant Cell Arteritis)

Inflammation of blood vessels near the temples. Can cause headaches, jaw pain, and vision problems. Mainly affects people over 50.

Thrombocytopenia (Low Platelets)

A condition with abnormally low platelet count, causing easy bruising and bleeding. Many causes from medications to infections.

Thrombophilia (Clotting Disorder)

A condition where blood has an increased tendency to form clots. Can be inherited or acquired. Increases risk of DVT and PE.

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

A group of disorders from compression of nerves or blood vessels between the collarbone and first rib. Causes shoulder and neck pain.

Tick-Borne Diseases

Infections transmitted by tick bites including Lyme disease and spotted fevers. Common in forested and rural areas of India.

Tongue-Tie (Ankyloglossia)

A condition present at birth that restricts the tongue's range of motion. Can affect breastfeeding and speech. Simple procedure to correct.

Teething Pain

Discomfort and irritability when baby's teeth start breaking through the gums. Usually begins around 6 months. Manageable with teething aids.

V

Vitamin Deficiency

Lack of essential vitamins causing various health issues. Identified through blood tests and managed with dietary changes and supplements.

Vertigo

A sensation of spinning or dizziness often related to inner ear problems. Medication and specific head maneuvers help manage episodes.

Vitamin D Deficiency

Insufficient vitamin D levels leading to bone weakness, fatigue, and mood changes. Supplementation and moderate sun exposure help restore healthy levels.

Varicose Veins

Enlarged, twisted veins visible under the skin, usually in the legs. Compression stockings and lifestyle changes provide relief; surgery is an option for severe cases.

Vitamin B12 Deficiency

Low B12 levels affecting nerve function and red blood cell production. Common in vegetarians. Supplements and dietary changes restore healthy levels.

Vaginitis

Inflammation of the vagina causing discharge, itching, and pain. Can be caused by infections (yeast, bacteria), hormonal changes, or irritants.

Vitiligo

A condition causing loss of skin color in patches due to destruction of melanocytes. Not contagious or life-threatening. Various treatment options available.

Vulvodynia

Chronic pain or discomfort around the opening of the vagina with no identifiable cause. Can last months to years.

Vasculitis

Inflammation of blood vessels that changes the walls of blood vessels. Can affect any organ. Treatment depends on severity and type.

Vocal Cord Nodules

Callous-like growths on the vocal cords caused by vocal abuse. Common in singers, teachers, and people who talk loudly. Voice therapy helps.

Varicocele

Enlarged veins within the scrotum, similar to varicose veins. Can cause low sperm production and decreased sperm quality.

Von Willebrand Disease

The most common inherited bleeding disorder, caused by deficiency of von Willebrand factor needed for blood clotting.